WAYS OF ADAPTATIONS OF CULTURE TO СHANGES IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
UDC index:
397, 902/604
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Information about authors: Bashtannik Sergey Vasilyevich, PhD in History, Researcher, Laboratory of Archaeology, Federal State Budget Scientifi c Institution “The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry,” Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kemerovo, Russian Federation). E-mail: abai@yandex.ru
Annotation: The methodological basis of this study is the research paradigm adaptation. Adaptation is aimed at providing people with the primary means of maintaining their lives: food, clothing, housing, etc. Types of adaptation are described as cultural and ecological complexes formed in a certain habitat on the basis of the data of ethnology, cultural studies and archeology deal with issues related to the processes of transformation (adaptation) of the material culture of the ancient and traditional societies to changes in environmental conditions. The author proves the thesis that society adapts to the natural environment of their habitat not only biologically, by changing the physiological, morphological, and other parameters, as by changing its economic activities and culture associated with ones. Culture is the main tool of adaptation, primarily material culture with which people not only have adapted over time to one or another of the new environment (ecological niche), but also transformed itself to this environment. Culture is understood as a means and a result of adaptation. Such processes of cultural adaptation are highlighted as adaptation tools, shelter, clothes to the new environment, the transition from foraging to food production economy or vice versa, refusal of some forms of the economy and the transition to another within the appropriating economy, the formation of settlement systems, depending on the changing priorities of economics, changes in diet and eating patterns. Also demonstrated adaptive role of the transition to more primitive forms of culture (regressive adaptation recessive). The landscape is considered as a source of life-supporting resources. Each landscape has a certain ecological potential, i.e. the ability to provide for the needs of people in primary (unrelated to production) livelihoods: heat, air, water, food sources, building materials, as well as in the natural conditions of work, life, recreation, etc.
Keywords: culture, ecology, adaptation, resources, subsistence.
DOI:
Article ID in the RSCI:
Article file: Download
Information about authors: Bashtannik Sergey Vasilyevich, PhD in History, Researcher, Laboratory of Archaeology, Federal State Budget Scientifi c Institution “The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry,” Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kemerovo, Russian Federation). E-mail: abai@yandex.ru
Annotation: The methodological basis of this study is the research paradigm adaptation. Adaptation is aimed at providing people with the primary means of maintaining their lives: food, clothing, housing, etc. Types of adaptation are described as cultural and ecological complexes formed in a certain habitat on the basis of the data of ethnology, cultural studies and archeology deal with issues related to the processes of transformation (adaptation) of the material culture of the ancient and traditional societies to changes in environmental conditions. The author proves the thesis that society adapts to the natural environment of their habitat not only biologically, by changing the physiological, morphological, and other parameters, as by changing its economic activities and culture associated with ones. Culture is the main tool of adaptation, primarily material culture with which people not only have adapted over time to one or another of the new environment (ecological niche), but also transformed itself to this environment. Culture is understood as a means and a result of adaptation. Such processes of cultural adaptation are highlighted as adaptation tools, shelter, clothes to the new environment, the transition from foraging to food production economy or vice versa, refusal of some forms of the economy and the transition to another within the appropriating economy, the formation of settlement systems, depending on the changing priorities of economics, changes in diet and eating patterns. Also demonstrated adaptive role of the transition to more primitive forms of culture (regressive adaptation recessive). The landscape is considered as a source of life-supporting resources. Each landscape has a certain ecological potential, i.e. the ability to provide for the needs of people in primary (unrelated to production) livelihoods: heat, air, water, food sources, building materials, as well as in the natural conditions of work, life, recreation, etc.
Keywords: culture, ecology, adaptation, resources, subsistence.
